Uk Us Tax Advice

Understanding the UK-US Tax Relationship: The Fundamentals

The tax relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States presents unique challenges and opportunities for individuals and businesses with cross-border activities. This complex intersection of two sophisticated tax systems is governed primarily by the UK-US Double Taxation Treaty, which aims to prevent double taxation while ensuring appropriate revenue collection by both jurisdictions. The treaty establishes clear guidelines for determining tax residency, allocating taxing rights, and providing relief mechanisms when taxation overlaps occur. Individuals and entities operating across these jurisdictions must comprehend the fundamental principles that govern their tax obligations to achieve compliance while optimizing their fiscal position. Tax residency determination serves as the cornerstone of international taxation, with both the UK and US employing distinctive criteria that may simultaneously classify an individual as resident in both countries, triggering comprehensive reporting requirements and potential tax liabilities in each jurisdiction.

Dual Tax Residency: Implications and Management Strategies

Dual tax residency between the UK and US creates significant complexities that require careful navigation. When an individual is considered tax resident in both countries simultaneously, they face potentially overlapping tax obligations on worldwide income. The UK applies the Statutory Residence Test to determine residency status, examining days present in the UK, ties to the country, and specific circumstances. Contrastingly, the US employs citizenship-based taxation, taxing US citizens and green card holders regardless of their physical location. This fundamental difference can create substantial compliance burdens. Effective management strategies might include utilizing Foreign Tax Credits, timing income recognition, structuring investments appropriately, and leveraging treaty provisions. For entrepreneurs considering UK company formation for non-residents, understanding how company structures interact with personal tax residency becomes crucial for developing comprehensive tax planning. The tie-breaker rules within the treaty provide essential mechanisms for resolving dual residency conflicts, but their application requires specialized knowledge.

Income Tax Considerations for Cross-Border Workers

Employees who work across UK and US borders face distinctive tax challenges that necessitate careful planning. When income is earned in both jurisdictions, determining where tax should be paid becomes complex. Under Article 14 of the UK-US tax treaty, employment income is generally taxable in the country where the work is physically performed, but exceptions exist based on residence, employer location, and duration of stay. For instance, a UK resident working temporarily in the US may avoid US taxation if their stay is under 183 days, their employer is not US-based, and the compensation is not borne by a US permanent establishment. Remote workers face particularly nuanced situations, as the physical location of work performance might differ from employer location, creating potential tax mismatches. Payroll compliance becomes critical, as employers must withhold taxes correctly in both jurisdictions. The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion offers US citizens working abroad the possibility to exclude up to $120,000 (2023 figure) of foreign earnings from US taxation, though this benefit comes with strict qualification requirements including the bona fide residence test or physical presence test. For entrepreneurs establishing cross-border businesses through UK company incorporation, structuring employment arrangements requires attention to these nuanced rules.

Corporate Taxation: Navigating Entity Classification and Profit Repatriation

Corporate structures spanning the UK and US demand sophisticated tax planning due to disparate treatment of entities across jurisdictions. The classification of business entities represents a fundamental challenge, as the UK and US may categorize the same organization differently for tax purposes. US entities operating in the UK must consider whether they create a permanent establishment that triggers UK corporation tax liability, while UK companies with US activities face similar determinations regarding US federal and state taxation. Profit repatriation strategies become particularly important, as dividends, royalties, and interest payments between related entities across borders trigger withholding tax considerations under the treaty, generally reduced to 0-15% depending on the type of payment and ownership structure. Corporation tax rates differ substantially—with the UK’s main rate at 25% (as of 2023) versus the US federal rate of 21%, plus variable state taxes—creating planning opportunities. The US Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) regime imposes additional complexity for US shareholders of foreign corporations, potentially subjecting previously untaxed foreign earnings to US taxation. For businesses exploring UK company taxation or considering LLC formation in the USA, understanding these intricate relationships becomes essential for effective tax structuring.

Transfer Pricing Compliance: A Strategic Imperative

Transfer pricing represents a critical area of focus for multinational enterprises operating across UK and US boundaries. Both jurisdictions maintain robust transfer pricing regimes that require intra-group transactions to adhere to the arm’s length principle, demanding that related party pricing reflect market-based terms that would prevail between unrelated entities. The UK’s transfer pricing legislation is contained within TIOPA 2010 Part 4, while the US regime operates under Section 482 of the Internal Revenue Code, with both frameworks emphasizing comparable analysis and appropriate methodologies for determining acceptable pricing ranges. Documentation requirements differ significantly, with the UK implementing country-by-country reporting for large multinationals and the US maintaining strict contemporaneous documentation standards with potential penalties reaching 40% of tax underpayments for gross valuation misstatements. Advance Pricing Agreements offer a proactive approach to mitigating transfer pricing risks, allowing taxpayers to obtain certainty regarding methodology and application across multiple years. Companies engaged in cross-border related party transactions should implement robust transfer pricing policies, prepare comprehensive documentation, and consider seeking professional advice to navigate this complex landscape. For businesses utilizing UK company registration services as part of international structures, transfer pricing considerations should be integrated from formation onwards.

Estate and Inheritance Tax Planning for Cross-Border Families

Estate planning across UK-US borders presents formidable challenges due to fundamentally different approaches to wealth transfer taxation. The UK applies Inheritance Tax (IHT) based primarily on domicile status, potentially taxing worldwide assets at rates up to 40% for UK-domiciled individuals, while the US imposes Estate Tax based on citizenship, residency, and asset location, with current exemption thresholds significantly higher (approximately $12.92 million as of 2023). The UK-US Estate and Gift Tax Treaty provides relief mechanisms to prevent double taxation, but applying these provisions requires sophisticated understanding of both systems. Effective planning strategies might include utilizing lifetime gifting programs that leverage annual exclusions, creating appropriate trust structures recognized in both jurisdictions, and considering matrimonial property arrangements that optimize tax efficiency. For individuals with substantial real property holdings, special attention must be paid to the situs rules that determine taxing jurisdiction regardless of residence or domicile. For non-US persons considering establishing UK companies as part of their broader wealth structuring, understanding how these entities interact with both inheritance tax and estate tax becomes crucial for comprehensive planning. Professional advisors with specialized cross-border expertise can help navigate these complexities and develop appropriate structures that address both immediate tax concerns and long-term succession planning objectives.

Investment Taxation: Navigating Disparate Treatment of Financial Assets

Investment taxation across UK and US borders creates distinctive planning challenges due to significant differences in how various financial instruments and investment vehicles are classified and taxed. Mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and collective investment schemes may be classified differently, creating potential mismatches in tax treatment. For instance, UK-based investment funds might be considered Passive Foreign Investment Companies (PFICs) under US tax law, triggering punitive taxation for US investors without appropriate elections. Similarly, US mutual funds may not qualify for reporting fund status in the UK, potentially converting capital gains into income taxed at higher rates for UK investors. Real estate investments present particular complexity, with both countries imposing taxes on rental income and capital gains, though with different rates and available deductions. The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act (FIRPTA) imposes additional US tax obligations on foreign persons disposing of US real property interests, while the UK applies non-resident capital gains tax on UK property dispositions. Pension investments create another layer of complexity, as qualified plans in one jurisdiction may not receive equivalent favorable treatment in the other without careful planning. Alternative investments such as private equity and hedge funds require specialized analysis due to their complex structures and income flows. For individuals utilizing UK business formation services for investment holding purposes, understanding these cross-border investment taxation principles becomes essential for effective financial planning.

Tax Reporting and Compliance: Meeting Dual Obligations

Managing dual tax reporting obligations represents one of the most challenging aspects of navigating the UK-US tax landscape. Individuals and entities subject to both tax systems face differing filing deadlines, documentation requirements, and disclosure obligations that demand meticulous attention to detail. US citizens residing in the UK must file annual US tax returns (Form 1040) regardless of their UK tax residency status, while simultaneously meeting UK Self Assessment obligations if required. Foreign account reporting creates particular complexity, with US persons subject to Foreign Bank Account Report (FBAR) filing requirements for non-US accounts exceeding $10,000 at any point during the year, alongside Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) reporting on Form 8938 for specified foreign financial assets. The UK’s implementation of the Common Reporting Standard similarly requires detailed financial disclosures. Tax payment timing differences can create cash flow challenges, as the UK tax year runs from April 6 to April 5, while the US follows the calendar year. Penalties for non-compliance can be severe, with willful failures potentially resulting in substantial financial penalties and even criminal prosecution in extreme cases. For businesses utilizing UK company registration services, establishing robust compliance frameworks from inception becomes crucial for maintaining good standing in both jurisdictions.

Foreign Tax Credits and Treaty Benefits: Maximizing Relief Opportunities

Leveraging available tax relief mechanisms represents a cornerstone strategy for managing UK-US cross-border taxation effectively. Foreign Tax Credits (FTCs) serve as the primary method for mitigating double taxation, allowing taxpayers to offset taxes paid in one jurisdiction against tax liabilities in another. The US and UK systems approach FTCs differently, with the US imposing significant limitations including income basket restrictions and overall limitations based on US tax liability proportions. Timing differences between when taxes are paid and when credits can be claimed create planning opportunities and potential pitfalls. Treaty benefits beyond basic credit mechanisms include reduced withholding rates on cross-border payments, exempt categories of income, and specialized provisions for students, teachers, and researchers. The limitation on benefits provisions within the UK-US treaty aim to prevent treaty shopping and require careful navigation to ensure qualification for benefits. Taxpayers should maintain detailed records of foreign taxes paid, including dates, amounts, and supporting documentation to substantiate credit claims. For businesses utilizing international corporate structures, understanding the interaction between domestic foreign tax credit provisions and treaty benefits becomes essential for optimizing global effective tax rates while maintaining compliance with increasingly stringent anti-avoidance provisions in both jurisdictions.

Digital Nomads and Remote Work: Evolving Tax Considerations

The proliferation of remote work arrangements and digital nomad lifestyles has introduced novel tax considerations at the intersection of UK and US tax systems. Individuals working remotely across these jurisdictions face unique challenges in determining where their employment duties are physically performed, which directly impacts tax residency and source-based taxation. Both the UK and US tax authorities have intensified scrutiny of remote workers’ activities, examining physical presence, permanent establishment risks for employers, and potential permanent abode establishment. Tax residency determination becomes particularly nuanced for digital nomads who maintain minimal physical ties to any specific jurisdiction while performing work digitally, potentially triggering tax obligations in multiple locations. Employers face compliance challenges regarding payroll withholding, social security contributions, and corporate tax presence when employees work remotely from foreign jurisdictions. The UK-US Totalisation Agreement provides some relief regarding social security contributions for temporary assignments, but its application to long-term remote work arrangements remains subject to interpretation. Digital nomads should carefully document their physical presence in each jurisdiction, maintain detailed work logs, and consider establishing formal remote work agreements that clarify tax responsibility allocations. For entrepreneurs utilizing UK company formation services while operating remotely, understanding these evolving considerations becomes essential for maintaining tax compliance while preserving necessary flexibility.

Social Security and Pension Considerations: Coordinating Retirement Benefits

Navigating social security and pension arrangements across UK-US borders requires careful coordination to ensure retirement security while optimizing tax efficiency. The UK-US Social Security Agreement (Totalisation Agreement) prevents double social security taxation and protects benefit eligibility for individuals who divide their careers between both countries. Under this agreement, temporary assignments generally allow continued home country contributions for periods up to five years, while determining primary contribution obligations for permanent relocations. Pension taxation presents particular complexity, as qualified retirement plans in one jurisdiction may not receive equivalent favorable treatment in the other. For instance, UK pension contributions made by US taxpayers may not qualify for US tax deductions without careful planning, while distributions from US 401(k) plans to UK residents may face different tax treatment than anticipated. Self-employed individuals face special challenges, as they must navigate both employer and employee portions of social security contributions in potentially multiple jurisdictions. The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion interacts complexly with social security taxes, as individuals may exclude foreign income from income tax calculations while remaining subject to US self-employment taxes. For business owners utilizing UK company structures who wish to establish pension arrangements, understanding these cross-border considerations becomes critical for designing appropriate retirement and compensation packages for themselves and their employees.

State and Local Taxation: The Hidden Complexity Layer

Beyond federal-level considerations, state and local taxation adds a substantial layer of complexity to UK-US tax planning. While the UK-US tax treaty operates at the national level, individual US states are not automatically bound by its provisions, creating potential for unrelieved double taxation. State income tax regimes vary dramatically across the United States, with some states imposing no income tax while others maintain aggressive taxation of nonresidents with economic connections to the state. Nexus determination becomes particularly important, as physical presence, economic activity, or even digital connections may establish taxable presence in specific states. For UK residents with investments or business activities in the US, state-level compliance requirements may exist even when federal obligations are minimal or eliminated through treaty provisions. Property tax considerations become significant for real estate investments, while sales and use taxes present compliance challenges for businesses selling into US markets. State-level estate and inheritance taxes add further complexity, as some states impose inheritance taxes with lower exemption thresholds than the federal estate tax. For businesses utilizing UK company registration while engaging with US markets, understanding potential state tax exposure becomes essential for comprehensive tax planning and compliance.

Brexit Implications for UK-US Tax Planning

Brexit has introduced significant adjustments to the UK-US tax landscape, though the direct bilateral tax treaty remains intact. The UK’s departure from the EU framework has eliminated certain tax directives that previously facilitated smoother cross-border transactions within Europe, potentially impacting multinational structures with both UK and EU components that interface with US operations. Withholding tax considerations have shifted for payments flowing between the UK and EU member states, potentially affecting holding company structures utilized in UK-US planning. Supply chain restructuring has created new permanent establishment risks as companies adapt operations to post-Brexit realities, with potential implications for corporate taxation across multiple jurisdictions. Customs duties and value-added tax treatments have transformed significantly, creating both challenges and opportunities for businesses engaged in transatlantic trade. Mobility patterns have also shifted, as EU freedom of movement rights no longer apply to UK citizens, potentially affecting tax residency considerations for individuals operating across UK-US-EU boundaries. For businesses utilizing UK company formation services as part of international structures, understanding these evolving implications becomes crucial for adapting tax planning strategies to the post-Brexit environment while maintaining compliance with increasingly complex regulatory frameworks in both jurisdictions.

Cryptocurrency and Digital Assets: Tax Treatment Divergence

Cryptocurrency and digital asset taxation presents particular challenges in cross-border UK-US contexts due to divergent approaches to classification and taxation. The UK generally treats cryptocurrencies as assets subject to capital gains tax for individuals (with rates up to 20%) and corporation tax for businesses, while applying specific rules for cryptocurrency mining and staking activities. Contrastingly, the US Internal Revenue Service classifies cryptocurrencies as property, subject to capital gains treatment for investors but potentially ordinary income treatment for professional traders. NFT transactions create additional complexity, with potential characterization as collectibles in the US (subject to higher 28% long-term capital gains rates) while facing standard capital gains treatment in the UK. Cross-border cryptocurrency transactions may trigger multiple taxable events as assets move between wallets and exchanges across jurisdictions. Cryptocurrency lending, staking, and yield farming generate particularly complex tax considerations, with potential characterization as interest income or other income categories depending on specific facts and circumstances. For businesses utilizing UK corporate structures for digital asset activities, understanding these nuanced tax treatments becomes essential for compliance planning. The taxation of royalties from digital assets presents additional considerations requiring specialized knowledge of both treaty provisions and domestic tax law interpretations regarding these novel asset classes.

Tax Implications of Cross-Border M&A and Corporate Restructuring

Mergers, acquisitions, and corporate restructurings spanning UK and US borders present substantive tax planning challenges and opportunities. Transaction structuring decisions—including share purchases versus asset acquisitions—have dramatically different tax consequences in each jurisdiction, affecting step-up potential, deferred tax assets/liabilities, and gain recognition. Post-acquisition integration planning must address transfer pricing, intellectual property location, financing structures, and operational consolidation while navigating complex controlled foreign corporation rules in both jurisdictions. Due diligence processes must thoroughly examine historical tax compliance, identify potential exposures, and quantify latent tax liabilities that could impact transaction pricing. The substantial shareholding exemption in the UK and participation exemptions in certain US states may provide opportunities for tax-efficient dispositions of business units when properly structured. Cross-border reorganizations require careful navigation of multiple tax codes to achieve tax-neutral treatment where possible. For businesses utilizing UK company incorporation services as acquisition vehicles or targets, understanding these complex considerations becomes essential for transaction planning. Taxpayers contemplating significant corporate transactions should engage specialized cross-border tax advisors early in the planning process to identify opportunities and mitigate potential tax inefficiencies before transaction structures become fixed.

HMRC and IRS Cooperation: Information Exchange and Enforcement

Tax enforcement cooperation between HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has intensified significantly, creating heightened compliance pressures for taxpayers with cross-border activities. The automatic exchange of financial information under both the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and the Common Reporting Standard (CRS) has dramatically increased tax authority visibility into offshore assets and income flows. Joint investigation initiatives targeting specific industries and taxpayer segments have become increasingly common, with coordinated examination approaches and information sharing. Voluntary disclosure programs in both jurisdictions present important considerations for taxpayers with historical compliance deficiencies, offering potential penalty mitigation in exchange for comprehensive disclosure and tax payment. The statute of limitations for assessment varies between jurisdictions—generally three years in the UK and three to six years in the US for routine matters, but potentially unlimited for fraud or substantial omissions in both countries. Tax authority resources increasingly focus on international enforcement, with specialized units dedicated to cross-border compliance issues. For businesses utilizing UK company registration services, understanding these enforcement realities becomes crucial for implementing robust compliance frameworks from inception and maintaining appropriate documentation to support positions taken on tax returns in both jurisdictions.

Business Entity Selection: Strategic UK-US Considerations

Selecting optimal business structures for cross-border UK-US operations requires balancing multiple tax and non-tax factors. Entity classification election opportunities under US "check-the-box" regulations can create hybrid entities treated as corporations in one jurisdiction but flow-through entities in another, potentially yielding tax advantages but also creating risks under anti-hybrid rules. Limited liability companies (LLCs) present particular challenges, as their default US tax transparency does not automatically translate to UK treatment. UK Limited Companies face classification as corporations for US tax purposes unless elections modify this treatment, creating potential for double taxation without careful planning. Branch versus subsidiary decisions carry significant tax implications, with branches generally creating direct tax liability for parent entities while subsidiaries establish separate legal and tax personalities. Utilizing UK company incorporation services versus US company formation requires careful analysis of intended operations, exit strategies, and investor considerations. For technology companies, intellectual property location and protection considerations may drive entity selection decisions alongside pure tax efficiency. The introduction of the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income regime in the US and diverted profits tax in the UK has fundamentally altered the calculation of optimal structures for many businesses. Entrepreneurs should seek specialized cross-border tax advice before finalizing entity selection decisions, as subsequent restructuring to address suboptimal initial choices often triggers significant tax costs.

Expatriation and Tax Residency Changes: Planning for Transitions

Changing tax residency between the UK and US—whether through expatriation, citizenship renunciation, or relocation—triggers significant tax considerations requiring careful advance planning. For US citizens considering renouncing citizenship, the expatriation tax provisions potentially impose immediate taxation on unrealized gains when net worth or tax liability thresholds are met. UK domiciled individuals becoming non-resident must navigate complex rules regarding temporary non-residency and the potential retention of UK tax liability on certain income types during absence periods. Pre-departure planning opportunities may include accelerating or deferring income recognition, realizing capital gains or losses strategically, restructuring investment holdings, and establishing appropriate offshore structures before status changes occur. The timing of departure becomes crucial, with partial year residence rules differing substantially between jurisdictions. For businesses utilizing UK company structures with owners relocating between jurisdictions, consideration must be given to management and control location, potential controlled foreign corporation implications, and ongoing compliance obligations across multiple jurisdictions. Estate planning considerations become particularly important during residency transitions, as will and trust structures may require revision to accommodate changing tax exposures. Individuals contemplating significant residency changes should seek specialized cross-border tax advice well in advance of planned moves to identify planning opportunities and potential pitfalls.

Green Card Holders with UK Connections: Special Considerations

US permanent residents (Green Card holders) with UK connections face distinctive tax planning challenges that differ from those of US citizens. Green Card holders are subject to US worldwide taxation similar to citizens, but may have different treaty positions and potential planning opportunities. The substantial presence test interacts with Green Card status to determine US tax residency, while abandonment or long-term absence can trigger expatriation tax consequences similar to those facing citizens who renounce. Treaty resident elections under Article 4 of the UK-US tax treaty may allow certain Green Card holders to be treated as UK tax residents for treaty purposes while maintaining valid immigration status, though this election carries significant US tax form filing requirements. For Green Card holders considering surrendering their status, the distinction between long-term residents (those holding Green Cards for 8 of the last 15 years) and others becomes crucial for determining potential expatriation tax exposure. Careful planning around the timing of status surrender can significantly impact tax outcomes. For entrepreneurs utilizing UK company formation services while holding Green Cards, understanding these nuanced considerations becomes essential for comprehensive tax planning. Specialized cross-border advice is particularly important for this category of taxpayers due to the interaction of complex immigration and tax provisions across both jurisdictions.

Navigating UK-US Tax Disputes and Controversy

When tax positions spanning UK and US jurisdictions face challenge, navigating the resulting disputes requires specialized knowledge of procedural options and strategic considerations. The UK-US tax treaty contains mutual agreement procedure (MAP) provisions that enable competent authorities to resolve disputes regarding treaty application, including double taxation scenarios not adequately addressed through foreign tax credits. Navigating these procedures requires careful preparation of position papers and supporting documentation while managing procedural requirements in both jurisdictions. Audit defense strategies differ significantly between HMRC and IRS examinations, with different procedural rules, information rights, and settlement approaches. For transfer pricing disputes, Advanced Pricing Agreements (APAs) offer potential proactive resolution mechanisms, while Advance Tax Rulings may provide certainty on other cross-border tax positions. Litigation options and forums vary dramatically, with UK tax tribunals and courts operating under significantly different procedural rules than US Tax Court or District Court proceedings. Statutes of limitations for assessments and refund claims must be carefully tracked across jurisdictions to preserve taxpayer rights. For businesses utilizing UK company structures as part of international operations, developing robust documentation practices and position substantiation becomes essential for effectively managing potential controversies. Taxpayers facing significant cross-border disputes should engage specialized advisors with experience in both jurisdictions to develop coordinated response strategies that address the full international dimensions of the controversy.

Alternative Business Jurisdictions: Comparative Analysis

While the UK-US corridor remains prominent for international business, alternative jurisdictions offer distinctive advantages for specific situations. Ireland presents an attractive European option with its 12.5% corporate tax rate on trading income, EU membership, English-speaking environment, and established technology sector presence, making it particularly attractive for companies seeking EU market access. Similarly, Bulgaria offers company formation advantages with its 10% flat corporate tax rate, low operational costs, and EU membership. The Canary Islands provide significant tax advantages through the Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC) with corporate tax rates potentially as low as 4%. Jurisdiction selection factors should include substance requirements, economic ties, treaty networks, banking accessibility, compliance costs, and exit taxation alongside headline tax rates. Multi-jurisdiction structures require careful attention to anti-avoidance provisions including controlled foreign corporation rules, diverted profits taxes, and economic substance requirements that have intensified globally in recent years. The OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting initiatives and the EU’s Anti-Tax Avoidance Directives have fundamentally altered the landscape for international tax planning, demanding greater economic substance to support tax positions. Companies contemplating multi-jurisdictional structures should seek sophisticated cross-border tax advice to navigate this increasingly complex environment while achieving business objectives.

Expert Guidance for Your International Tax Journey

Navigating the intricate UK-US tax landscape requires specialized expertise that goes beyond general tax knowledge. The complex interaction of domestic tax laws, treaty provisions, and international tax principles demands advisors with substantial cross-border experience and technical depth. When selecting advisors, look for professionals with credentials recognized in both jurisdictions, direct experience with similar situations, and the ability to coordinate comprehensive solutions across accounting, legal, and compliance dimensions. Proactive planning almost invariably yields better results than reactive compliance, making early engagement with qualified advisors particularly valuable when contemplating significant cross-border activities or life changes. Documentation of positions taken, thorough contemporaneous record-keeping, and consistent implementation of tax structures become crucial for defending positions if questioned.

If you’re seeking expert guidance to navigate international tax challenges, we invite you to book a personalized consultation with our team. We are a boutique international tax consulting firm with advanced expertise in corporate law, tax risk management, asset protection, and international audits. We offer tailored solutions for entrepreneurs, professionals, and corporate groups operating globally. Book a session with one of our experts now for $199 USD/hour and receive concrete answers to your tax and corporate queries at ltd24.co.uk/consulting.